Culture media - Revision history

Aidan: Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

2022-02-09T08:38:30Z

Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:38, 9 February 2022
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	\|Columbia naladixic acid\|\|CNA\|\|Selective for Gram-positive bacteria		\|Columbia naladixic acid\|\|CNA\|\|Selective for Gram-positive bacteria
	\|-		\|-
	\|Bile esculin\|\| \|\|Selective for [[Enterococcus ~~species~~]]		\|Bile esculin\|\| \|\|Selective for [[Enterococcus]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|Brucella blood\|\|BRUC\|\|General anaerobic medium		\|Brucella blood\|\|BRUC\|\|General anaerobic medium
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	\|CHROMagar ''Staph. aureus''\|\|CSA\|\|Selective and chromogenic for [[Staphylococcus aureus]]		\|CHROMagar ''Staph. aureus''\|\|CSA\|\|Selective and chromogenic for [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Bacteroides species\|Bacteroides]] bile esculin\|\|BBE\|\|Increases sensitivity for [[Bacteroides ~~species~~]] (which grow black)		\|[[Bacteroides species\|Bacteroides]] bile esculin\|\|BBE\|\|Increases sensitivity for [[Bacteroides]] (which grow black)
	\|-		\|-
	\|Egg yolk\|\| \|\|Enriched media for [[Clostridium ~~species~~]]		\|Egg yolk\|\| \|\|Enriched media for [[Clostridium]]
	\|}		\|}

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	*Most common medium used		*Most common medium used
	*Allows for differentiation of hemolysis pattern:		*Allows for differentiation of hemolysis pattern:
	**Partial hemolysis (α): [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[Enterococcus ~~species~~]], [[Streptococcus bovis]], [[Viridans group streptococci]]		**Partial hemolysis (α): [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[Enterococcus]], [[Streptococcus bovis]], [[Viridans group streptococci]]
	**Full hemolysis (β): [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], Group B, C, and G streptococci, some [[Streptococcus anginosus]], and rare [[Enterococcus ~~species~~]]		**Full hemolysis (β): [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], Group B, C, and G streptococci, some [[Streptococcus anginosus]], and rare [[Enterococcus]]
	**No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]		**No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]

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	*Selects for bacteria that can grow in 40% bile and can hydrolyze esculin		*Selects for bacteria that can grow in 40% bile and can hydrolyze esculin
	*E.g. [[Enterococcus ~~species~~]] and [[Streptococcus bovis]]		*E.g. [[Enterococcus]] and [[Streptococcus bovis]]

	===Chocolate Agar===		===Chocolate Agar===

	*Sheep's blood that has been lysed		*Sheep's blood that has been lysed
	*Used most commonly to identify [[Haemophilus influenzae]] and [[Neisseria ~~species~~]]		*Used most commonly to identify [[Haemophilus influenzae]] and [[Neisseria]]

	===MacConkey Agar===		===MacConkey Agar===
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	*Contains lactose, sucrose, salicin, and a high concentration of bile salts (intended to inhibit Gram-positive and coliform Gram-negative bacteria)		*Contains lactose, sucrose, salicin, and a high concentration of bile salts (intended to inhibit Gram-positive and coliform Gram-negative bacteria)
	*Black colonies suggests [[Salmonella ~~species~~]], from hydrogen sulfide production		*Black colonies suggests [[Salmonella]], from hydrogen sulfide production
	*Bright orange to pink colonies suggests rapid lactose fermenters like [[Escherichia coli]]		*Bright orange to pink colonies suggests rapid lactose fermenters like [[Escherichia coli]]
	*Green colonies include [[Salmonella ~~species~~]] and [[Shigella ~~species~~]]		*Green colonies include [[Salmonella]] and [[Shigella]]

	===Sorbitol-MacConkey Agar===		===Sorbitol-MacConkey Agar===

Aidan at 15:38, 3 September 2020

2020-09-03T15:38:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:38, 3 September 2020
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	\|}		\|}

	===Blood ~~agar~~===		===Blood Agar===

	*Most common medium used		*Most common medium used
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	**No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]		**No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]

	===Mueller-Hinton===		===Mueller-Hinton Agar===

	*Standardized pH and solute content that are used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing		*Standardized pH and solute content that are used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing

	===Bile ~~esculin~~===		===Bile Esculin Agar===

	*Selects for bacteria that can grow in 40% bile and can hydrolyze esculin		*Selects for bacteria that can grow in 40% bile and can hydrolyze esculin
	*E.g. [[Enterococcus species]] and [[Streptococcus bovis]]		*E.g. [[Enterococcus species]] and [[Streptococcus bovis]]

	===Chocolate ~~agar~~===		===Chocolate Agar===

	*Sheep's blood that has been lysed		*Sheep's blood that has been lysed
	*Used most commonly to identify [[Haemophilus influenzae]] and [[Neisseria species]]		*Used most commonly to identify [[Haemophilus influenzae]] and [[Neisseria species]]

	===MacConkey===		===MacConkey Agar===

	*Uses bile salts and crystal violet to inhibit Gram-positive and some fastidious Gram-negative bacteria		*Uses bile salts and crystal violet to inhibit Gram-positive and some fastidious Gram-negative bacteria
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	**Non-lactose fermenters stay yellow		**Non-lactose fermenters stay yellow

	===Hektoen===		===Hektoen Agar===

	*Contains lactose, sucrose, salicin, and a high concentration of bile salts (intended to inhibit Gram-positive and coliform Gram-negative bacteria)		*Contains lactose, sucrose, salicin, and a high concentration of bile salts (intended to inhibit Gram-positive and coliform Gram-negative bacteria)
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	*Green colonies include [[Salmonella species]] and [[Shigella species]]		*Green colonies include [[Salmonella species]] and [[Shigella species]]

	===Sorbitol-MacConkey===		===Sorbitol-MacConkey Agar===

	*The lactose in MacConkey is replaced with sorbitol		*The lactose in MacConkey is replaced with sorbitol
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	*However, many other enterohemorrhagic strains are fermenters		*However, many other enterohemorrhagic strains are fermenters

	===Columbia ~~naladixic~~ ~~acid~~===		===Columbia Naladixic Acid Agar===

	*Uses [[colistin]] and naladixic acid to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria		*Uses [[colistin]] and naladixic acid to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria

	=== Chromogenic ~~urine plates~~ ===		===Chromogenic Urine Plates===

	* In the HRLMP:		*In the HRLMP:
	* Pink colonies are definitive for [[Escherichia coli]]		*Pink colonies are definitive for [[Escherichia coli]]
	* Blue colonies suggest [[Klebsiella]], [[Enterobacter]], or [[Serratia]]		*Blue colonies suggest [[Klebsiella]], [[Enterobacter]], or [[Serratia]]

	===Thioglycolate ~~broth~~===		===Thioglycolate Broth===

	*Thio broth is much more sensitive for both aerobes and anaerobes		*Thio broth is much more sensitive for both aerobes and anaerobes

Aidan: /* Bacterial */

2020-08-20T14:06:45Z

Bacterial

Show changes

Aidan at 00:40, 15 February 2020

2020-02-15T00:40:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:40, 15 February 2020
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	* Most common medium used		* Most common medium used
	* Allows for differentiation of hemolysis pattern:		* Allows for differentiation of hemolysis pattern:
	** Partial hemolysis (α): [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[Enterococcus species]], [[Streptococcus bovis]], [[Viridans-group streptococci]]		** Partial hemolysis (α): [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[Enterococcus species]], [[Streptococcus bovis]], [[Viridans group streptococci]]
	** Full hemolysis (β): [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], Group B, C, and G streptococci, some [[Streptococcus anginosus]], and rare [[Enterococcus species]]		** Full hemolysis (β): [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], Group B, C, and G streptococci, some [[Streptococcus anginosus]], and rare [[Enterococcus species]]
	** No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]		** No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]

Aidan: /* Bacterial */ added M-H

2019-11-07T15:32:50Z

Bacterial: added M-H

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 7 November 2019
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	** Full hemolysis (β): [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], Group B, C, and G streptococci, some [[Streptococcus anginosus]], and rare [[Enterococcus species]]		** Full hemolysis (β): [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], Group B, C, and G streptococci, some [[Streptococcus anginosus]], and rare [[Enterococcus species]]
	** No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]		** No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]

			=== Mueller-Hinton ===
			* Standardized pH and solute content that are used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing

	=== Bile esculin ===		=== Bile esculin ===

Aidan: /* Bacterial */ added thio broth

2019-11-04T12:27:44Z

Bacterial: added thio broth

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 4 November 2019
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	=== Columbia naladixic acid ===		=== Columbia naladixic acid ===
	* Uses [[colistin]] and naladixic acid to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria		* Uses [[colistin]] and naladixic acid to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria

			=== Thioglycolate broth ===
			* Thio broth is much more sensitive for both aerobes and anaerobes
			* Useful only with specimens from sterile sites
			* If an organism grows from broth only, it may be a fastidious organism, a very small inoculum, or a contaminant

	== Fungal ==		== Fungal ==

Aidan: Initial page creation

2019-11-04T03:47:13Z

Initial page creation

New page

== Bacterial ==
* Primary media (i.e. those onto which samples are directly inoculated) vary by specimen
** Most commonly include blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agars
** For anaerobic cultures, pre-reduced Brucella agar

{| class="wikitable"
! Media !! Abbr !! Description
|-
| 5% sheep's blood || SBA || A general, non-selective media; allows for identification of hemolysis patterns
|-
| Chocolate || CHOC || Enriched media for difficult-to-grow bacteria
|-
| MacConkey || MAC || Selective for Gram-negative bacteria, with an indicator for lactose fermentation
|-
| Sorbitol-MacConkey || SMAC || Used to identify sorbitol-negative strains of ''E. coli'' such as O157:H7
|-
| Mueller-Hinton || || Used for antibiotic susceptibility testing
|-
| BCSA || BCSA || For isolation of [[Burkholderia cepacia]], incubated at 30ºC
|-
| Columbia naladixic acid || CNA || Selective for Gram-positive bacteria
|-
| Bile esculin || || Selective for [[Enterococcus species]]
|-
| Brucella blood || BRUC || General anaerobic medium
|-
| Neomycin || NEO || Selective plate for anaerobes
|-
| CHROMagar ''Staph. aureus'' || CSA || Selective and chromogenic for [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
|-
| [[Bacteroides species|Bacteroides]] bile esculin || BBE || Increases sensitivity for [[Bacteroides species]] (which grow black)
|-
| Egg yolk || || Enriched media for [[Clostridium species]]
|}

=== Blood agar ===
* Most common medium used
* Allows for differentiation of hemolysis pattern:
** Partial hemolysis (α): [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[Enterococcus species]], [[Streptococcus bovis]], [[Viridans-group streptococci]]
** Full hemolysis (β): [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], Group B, C, and G streptococci, some [[Streptococcus anginosus]], and rare [[Enterococcus species]]
** No hemolysis (γ): [[Viridans-group streptococci]]

=== Bile esculin ===
* Selects for bacteria that can grow in 40% bile and can hydrolyze esculin
* E.g. [[Enterococcus species]] and [[Streptococcus bovis]]

=== Chocolate agar ===
* Sheep's blood that has been lysed
* Used most commonly to identify [[Haemophilus influenzae]] and [[Neisseria species]]

=== MacConkey ===
* Uses bile salts and crystal violet to inhibit Gram-positive and some fastidious Gram-negative bacteria
* Uses an indicator to identify lactose fermentation
** Lactose fermenters turn pink or red
** Non-lactose fermenters stay yellow

=== Hektoen ===
* Contains lactose, sucrose, salicin, and a high concentration of bile salts (intended to inhibit Gram-positive and coliform Gram-negative bacteria)
* Black colonies suggests [[Salmonella species]], from hydrogen sulfide production
* Bright orange to pink colonies suggests rapid lactose fermenters like [[Escherichia coli]]
* Green colonies include [[Salmonella species]] and [[Shigella species]]

=== Sorbitol-MacConkey ===
* The lactose in MacConkey is replaced with sorbitol
* Common strains of [[Escherichia coli]] ferment sorbitol
* [[Escherichia coli]] O157:H7 is a sorbitol non-fermenter
* However, many other enterohemorrhagic strains are fermenters

=== Columbia naladixic acid ===
* Uses [[colistin]] and naladixic acid to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria

== Fungal ==
* '''Sabouraud with and without antibacterials:''' originally made for dermatophyte growth, also useful for yeasts. Not good for dimorphics.
** '''Chloramphenicol and gentamicin''' added to inhibit growth of bacteria.
** '''Cycloheximide''' added to inhibit growth of rapidly-growing contaminating molds.
*** However, will inhibit Mucorales, so always need media with and without cycloheximide.
** Inhibitory antimicrobials not needed if collected from a sterile site.
* '''BHI (blood-heart infusion) with blood:''' enriched medium. Good for yeasts, including ''Cryptococcus'', and dimorphic fungi. Non-selective medium. Used for saprophytic and dimorphic fungi (cycloheximide inhibits saprophytes).
* '''Sabouraud’s BHI (SABHI):''' also exists, good for fastidious fungi.
* '''Littman:''' selective medium for fungi. Crystal violet and streptomycin inhibit bacterial growth.
* '''Inhibitory Mould Agar (IMA):''' used to grow dimorphic fungi. Saprophytic and dermatophytic fungi will not grow. Can be used instead of SAB.
* '''Potato flake agar:''' used for fastidious and slow-growing strains.
* '''Cycloheximide''' in primary media: prevents growth of rapidly-growing molds that are frequently contaminants. However, it does inhibit some pathogenic fungi including Mucorales, ''Cryptococcus'', ''Candida krusei'', other ''Candida'' spp., ''Trichosporon'' spp., ''P. boydii'', and ''Aspergillus'' spp.

[[Category:Microbiology]]