Chromobacterium violaceum - Revision history

Aidan at 01:51, 2 August 2025

2025-08-02T01:51:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 2 August 2025
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	===Microbiology===		===Microbiology===

			*[[Stain::Gram-negative]] oxidase-[[Oxidase::positive]] [[Shape::bacillus]]
	*Gram-negative bacterium
			**The violacein pigment is produced during aerobic growth at 22 ºC and can interfere with the oxidase test
	*Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment		*Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment and may have an almond-like odor
	*Found in water
			*Found in water and soil, primarily tropics or subtropics

	===Epidemiology===		===Epidemiology===
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	*Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure		*Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
			*Typically starts with a [[cellulitis]]
	*Always with systemic features, including [[Causes::fever]] (100%) and [[Causes::sepsis]] (82%)		*Always with systemic features, including [[Causes::fever]] (100%) and [[Causes::sepsis]] (82%)
	*Often [[Causes::bacteremia]] (60%) and can ~~involve~~ visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver		*Often [[Causes::bacteremia]] (60%) and can cause abscesses in visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
	*High mortality (53%)		*High mortality (53%)

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	*[[Fluoroquinolones]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[tetracyline]], [[TMP-SMX]], [[imipenem]], [[gentamicin]]		*[[Fluoroquinolones]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[tetracyline]], [[TMP-SMX]], [[imipenem]], [[gentamicin]]
			*Maybe [[cefotaxime]], [[ceftazidime]], [[imipenem]]
			*Avoid first- and second-generation cephalosporins

	==Further Reading==		==Further Reading==

Aidan: Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

2022-02-08T02:48:30Z

Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:48, 8 February 2022
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	*Includes other causes of skin and soft tissue infection after water exposure		*Includes other causes of skin and soft tissue infection after water exposure
	*Common bugs: [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], other [[streptococci]], [[Klebsiella ~~species~~]], [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Escherichia coli]], and polymicrobial infections		*Common bugs: [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], other [[streptococci]], [[Klebsiella]], [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Escherichia coli]], and polymicrobial infections
	*Uniquely marine bacteria: [[Aeromonas ~~species~~]], [[Vibrio vulnificus]], [[Shewanella ~~species~~]], [[Edwardsiella ~~species~~]], [[Chromobacterium ~~species~~]]		*Uniquely marine bacteria: [[Aeromonas]], [[Vibrio vulnificus]], [[Shewanella]], [[Edwardsiella]], [[Chromobacterium]]
	*Others: [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]], and some [[fungi]]		*Others: [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]], and some [[fungi]]

Aidan: /* Epidemiology */

2020-08-29T11:05:27Z

Epidemiology

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 29 August 2020
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	*Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia		*Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
	*Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida		*Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
	*CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency		*[[CGD]] is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is [[G6PD deficiency]]

	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==

	*Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure		*Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
	*Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)		*Always with systemic features, including [[Causes::fever]] (100%) and [[Causes::sepsis]] (82%)
	*Often ~~bacteremic~~ (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver		*Often [[Causes::bacteremia]] (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
	*High mortality (53%)		*High mortality (53%)

Aidan: /* Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure */

2020-08-29T11:04:49Z

Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 29 August 2020
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	== ~~Microbiology~~ ==		==Background==
			===Microbiology===

	* Gram-negative bacterium		*Gram-negative bacterium
	* Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment		*Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
	* Found in water		*Found in water

	== Epidemiology ==		===Epidemiology===

	* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia		*Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
	* Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida		*Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
	* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency		*CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

	== Clinical Manifestations ==		==Clinical Manifestations==

	* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure		*Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
	* Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)		*Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)
	* Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver		*Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
	* High mortality (53%)		*High mortality (53%)

	== Differential Diagnosis ~~for SSTI After Water Exposure~~ ==		==Differential Diagnosis==

			*Includes other causes of skin and soft tissue infection after water exposure
	* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''
			*Common bugs: [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus pyogenes]], other [[streptococci]], [[Klebsiella species]], [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[Escherichia coli]], and polymicrobial infections
	* Uniquely marine bacteria: ''Aeromonas'', ''Vibrio'', ''Shewanella'', ''Edwardsiella'', ''Chromobacterium''		*Uniquely marine bacteria: [[Aeromonas species]], [[Vibrio vulnificus]], [[Shewanella species]], [[Edwardsiella species]], [[Chromobacterium species]]
	* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', ~~NTMs~~, ~~some~~ ~~fungal~~ ~~infections~~		*Others: [[Burkholderia pseudomallei]], [[non-tuberculous mycobacteria]], and some [[fungi]]

	== Management ==		==Management==

	* ~~FQs~~, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin		*[[Fluoroquinolones]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[tetracyline]], [[TMP-SMX]], [[imipenem]], [[gentamicin]]

	== Further Reading ==		==Further Reading==

	* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.		*[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.

	[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]		[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]

Aidan: Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

2020-07-20T12:45:02Z

Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 20 July 2020
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	* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency		* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

	== Clinical ~~Presentation~~ ==		== Clinical Manifestations ==

	* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure		* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure

Aidan at 20:13, 15 August 2019

2019-08-15T20:13:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:13, 15 August 2019
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	= Microbiology =		== Microbiology ==

	* Gram-negative bacterium		* Gram-negative bacterium
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	* Found in water		* Found in water

	= Epidemiology =		== Epidemiology ==

	* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia		* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
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	* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency		* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

	= Clinical Presentation =		== Clinical Presentation ==

	* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure		* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
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	* High mortality (53%)		* High mortality (53%)

	= Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure =		== Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure ==

	* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''		* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''
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	* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', NTMs, some fungal infections		* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', NTMs, some fungal infections

	= Management =		== Management ==

	* FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin		* FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin

	= Further Reading =		== Further Reading ==

	* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.		* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.

Aidan at 12:25, 13 August 2019

2019-08-13T12:25:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:25, 13 August 2019
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	[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]		[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]
			{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Chromobacterium violaceum''}}

Aidan: /* Chromobacterium violaceum */

2019-08-12T10:58:13Z

Chromobacterium violaceum

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:58, 12 August 2019
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		⚫	= Microbiology =
	= ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' =

⚫	== Microbiology ==

	* Gram-negative bacterium		* Gram-negative bacterium
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	* Found in water		* Found in water

	== Epidemiology ==		= Epidemiology =

	* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia		* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
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	* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency		* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

	== Clinical Presentation ==		= Clinical Presentation =

	* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure		* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
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	* High mortality (53%)		* High mortality (53%)

	== Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure ==		= Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure =

	* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''		* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''
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	* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', NTMs, some fungal infections		* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', NTMs, some fungal infections

	== Management ==		= Management =

	* FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin		* FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin

	== Further Reading ==		= Further Reading =

	* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.		* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.

			[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]

Aidan: Aidan moved page Chromobacterium to Chromobacterium violaceum

2019-08-12T10:57:06Z

Aidan moved page Chromobacterium to Chromobacterium violaceum

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 12 August 2019
(No difference)

Maintenance script: Imported from text file

2019-08-11T17:58:16Z

Imported from text file

New page

= ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' =

== Microbiology ==

* Gram-negative bacterium
* Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
* Found in water

== Epidemiology ==

* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
* Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

== Clinical Presentation ==

* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
* Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)
* Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
* High mortality (53%)

== Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure ==

* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''
* Uniquely marine bacteria: ''Aeromonas'', ''Vibrio'', ''Shewanella'', ''Edwardsiella'', ''Chromobacterium''
* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', NTMs, some fungal infections

== Management ==

* FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin

== Further Reading ==

* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.