Babesia microti - Revision history

Aidan: /* Other Babesia species */

2024-05-02T15:53:29Z

Other Babesia species

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 2 May 2024
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	===Other ''Babesia'' species===		===Other ''Babesia'' species===

	*''B. divergens'' usually in ~~aplenic~~ patients, causing fulminant disease		*''B. divergens'' usually in [[Asplenia and hyposplenia\|asplenic patients]], causing fulminant disease

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==

Aidan at 16:24, 8 July 2023

2023-07-08T16:24:29Z

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	**Highly endemic in Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, Block Island, Shelter Island, eastern Long Island, an Fire Island		**Highly endemic in Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, Block Island, Shelter Island, eastern Long Island, an Fire Island
	*Has been found in Canada as of 2013, with several case reports from Manitoba and on case report of [[Babesia duncani]] infection in souther Ontario[[CiteRef::yang2021ba]]		*Has been found in Canada as of 2013, with several case reports from Manitoba and on case report of [[Babesia duncani]] infection in souther Ontario[[CiteRef::yang2021ba]]
			*Typically takes 36 hours or longer of tick attachment to be transmitted to human host

	====Other Species====		====Other Species====

Aidan: /* Management */

2021-08-29T02:20:21Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:20, 29 August 2021
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	*Asymptomatic parasitemia: no treatment necessary unless immunocompromised or persists for longer than 3 months		*Asymptomatic parasitemia: no treatment necessary unless immunocompromised or persists for longer than 3 months
	*'''Mild''': [[Is treated by::atovaquone]] plus [[Is treated by::azithromycin]]		*'''Mild''': [[Is treated by::atovaquone]] 750 mg PO q12h plus [[Is treated by::azithromycin]] 500-1000 mg PO once followed by 250-500 mg PO daily for 7 to 10 days
	*'''Severe''': [[Is treated by::~~clindamycine~~]] plus [[Is treated by::quinine]], ± ~~RBC~~ ~~exchange~~ ~~transfusion~~		*'''Severe''': [[Is treated by::clindamycin]] 300-600 mg IV q6h or 600 mg PO q8h plus [[Is treated by::quinine]] 650 mg PO q6-8h
			**± RBC exchange transfusion if parasitemia ≥10%, severe hemolysis, or pulmonary, renal, or hepatic failure
	*'''''B. divergens''''': RBC exchange transfusion plus [[clindamycin]] plus [[quinine]]		*'''''B. divergens''''': RBC exchange transfusion plus [[clindamycin]] plus [[quinine]]
	*Duration		*Duration

Aidan at 02:16, 29 August 2021

2021-08-29T02:16:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:16, 29 August 2021
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	*More common in the northeastern US, including Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin		*More common in the northeastern US, including Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin
	**Highly endemic in Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, Block Island, Shelter Island, eastern Long Island, an Fire Island		**Highly endemic in Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, Block Island, Shelter Island, eastern Long Island, an Fire Island
			*Has been found in Canada as of 2013, with several case reports from Manitoba and on case report of [[Babesia duncani]] infection in souther Ontario[[CiteRef::yang2021ba]]

	====Other Species====		====Other Species====

Aidan at 11:56, 21 August 2020

2020-08-21T11:56:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:56, 21 August 2020
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	== Background ==		==Background==

	*Causes '''babesiosis'''		*Causes '''babesiosis'''
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	**Highly endemic in Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, Block Island, Shelter Island, eastern Long Island, an Fire Island		**Highly endemic in Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, Block Island, Shelter Island, eastern Long Island, an Fire Island

	====Other ~~species~~====		====Other Species====

	*''B. duncani'' and ''B. duncani''-type organisms are present in the Pacific Coast		*''B. duncani'' and ''B. duncani''-type organisms are present in the Pacific Coast
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	*Incubation period [[Usual incubation period::1 to 6 weeks]]		*Incubation period [[Usual incubation period::1 to 6 weeks]]
			**Diagnosis can be delayed
	*Can have delayed diagnosis
		⚫	**There are some cases of asymptomatic parasitemia
⚫	*Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and malaise, followed by fever and ~~chill~~, arthralgias, or nausea
		⚫	**May experience recrudescence after immunosuppression
⚫	*Fever may be intermittent or persistent, and can be high
		⚫	*Symptoms include [[Causes::fatigue]], [[Causes::weakness]], and [[Causes::malaise]], followed by [[Causes::fever]] and chills, [[Causes::arthralgias]], or [[Causes::nausea]]
⚫	*Can also cause nuchal rigidity, sore throat, dyspnea, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and dark urine
		⚫	**Fever may be intermittent or persistent, and can be high
⚫	*Occasionally causes emotional lability, depression, hyperesthesia, photophobia, conjunctival injection, abdominal pain, petechiae, and ecchymoses
		⚫	*Can also cause [[Causes::nuchal rigidity]], [[Causes::sore throat]], [[Causes::dyspnea]], [[Causes::weight loss]], [[Causes::vomiting]], [[Causes::diarrhea]], and dark urine
⚫	*May have erythema chronicum migrans rash in cases of coinfection
		⚫	*Occasionally causes [[emotional lability]], [[depression]], [[hyperesthesia]], [[photophobia]], [[conjunctival injection]], [[abdominal pain]], [[petechiae]], and [[ecchymoses]]
⚫	*There are some cases of ~~asympatomatic~~ parasitemia
		⚫	*May have [[erythema chronicum migrans]] rash in cases of coinfection
⚫	*May experience recrudescence after immunosuppression
	*Bloodwork shows anemia, jaundice and other evidence of hemolysis, often with positive direct antiglobulin test		*Bloodwork shows [[Causes::anemia]], [[Causes::jaundice]], and other evidence of [[Causes::hemolysis]], often with positive [[direct antiglobulin test]]
	**Also thrombocytopenia and liver enzyme abnormalities		**Also [[Causes::thrombocytopenia]] and liver enzyme abnormalities
	**If neutropenia, suggests coinfection with anaplasmosis		**If [[neutropenia]], suggests coinfection with anaplasmosis
⚫	*40% develop complications, including ARDS, DIC, CHF, coma, AKI, splenic rupture

			=== Prognosis and Complications ===
	===Transplacentally-acquired neonatal infection===

		⚫	*40% develop complications, including [[ARDS]], [[DIC]], [[CHF]], coma, [[AKI]], splenic rupture
			*More severe illness in patients with [[asplenia]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinemia]], [[malignancy]], [[HIV]] with low CD4 count, [[TNF-α inhibitors]], and immunosuppression for transplantation, [[B-cell lymphoma]], or autoimmune disorders

			===Congenital Infection===

	*Five cases		*Five cases
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	*Asymptomatic parasitemia: no treatment necessary unless immunocompromised or persists for longer than 3 months		*Asymptomatic parasitemia: no treatment necessary unless immunocompromised or persists for longer than 3 months
	*Mild: [[Is treated by::atovaquone]] plus [[Is treated by::azithromycin]]		*'''Mild''': [[Is treated by::atovaquone]] plus [[Is treated by::azithromycin]]
	*Severe: [[Is treated by::clindamycine]] plus [[Is treated by::quinine]], ± RBC exchange transfusion		*'''Severe''': [[Is treated by::clindamycine]] plus [[Is treated by::quinine]], ± RBC exchange transfusion
	*''B. divergens'': RBC exchange transfusion plus ~~clinda~~ plus quinine		*'''''B. divergens''''': RBC exchange transfusion plus [[clindamycin]] plus [[quinine]]
	*Duration		*Duration
	**7 to 10 days for most		**7 to 10 days for most
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	[[Category:Vector-borne infections]]		[[Category:Vector-borne infections]]
	[[Category:Haemosporida]]		[[Category:Haemosporida]]
	[[Category:Infectious diseases]]

Aidan: categories

2020-08-07T14:25:40Z

Aidan at 13:54, 5 August 2020

2020-08-05T13:54:45Z

Show changes

Aidan: Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

2020-07-22T21:30:56Z

Text replacement - "Clinical Presentation" to "Clinical Manifestations"

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:30, 22 July 2020
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	[[File:Babesia_LifeCycle_1.gif\|Babesia life cycle]]		[[File:Babesia_LifeCycle_1.gif\|Babesia life cycle]]

	== Clinical ~~Presentation~~ ==		== Clinical Manifestations ==

	* Incubation period 1 to 6 weeks		* Incubation period 1 to 6 weeks

Aidan at 12:52, 16 August 2019

2019-08-16T12:52:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:52, 16 August 2019
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Babesia microti''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Babesia microti''}}
	[[Category:Vector-borne infections]]		[[Category:Vector-borne infections]]
	[[Category:~~Parasites~~]]		[[Category:Protozoa]]

Aidan at 12:12, 16 August 2019

2019-08-16T12:12:38Z

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 == Microbiology ==
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 ** 7 to 10 days for most
 ** Can relapse when immunocompromised, so these patients need 6+ weeks including 2+ weeks without parasitemia

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 7 August 2020
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Babesia microti''}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Babesia microti''}}
	[[Category:Vector-borne infections]]		[[Category:Vector-borne infections]]
	[[Category:~~Protozoa~~]]		[[Category:Haemosporida]]
			[[Category:Infectious diseases]]