Antibiotic-associated diarrhea - Revision history

Aidan: Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

2022-02-08T02:49:59Z

Text replacement - " species]]" to "]]"

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:49, 8 February 2022
Line 5:		Line 5:
	**[[Clostridium perfringens]] type A, weeks after therapy		**[[Clostridium perfringens]] type A, weeks after therapy
	**Methicillin-resistant [[Staphylococcus aureus]]		**Methicillin-resistant [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
	**[[Salmonella ~~species~~]], particularly drug-resistant [[Salmonella newport]]		**[[Salmonella]], particularly drug-resistant [[Salmonella newport]]
	**Possibly [[Candida albicans]] overgrowth		**Possibly [[Candida albicans]] overgrowth
	*Direct effects on intestinal tract		*Direct effects on intestinal tract

Aidan at 18:28, 17 September 2020

2020-09-17T18:28:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 17 September 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

	*[[Clostridioides difficile]]		*[[Clostridioides difficile]]-associated diarrhea (10 to 20%)
			*Other microbes:
	*Other microbes: [[Clostridium perfringens]] type A (food poisoning), [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Salmonella enterica]], and possible [[Candida albicans]]
			**[[Clostridium perfringens]] type A, weeks after therapy
			**Methicillin-resistant [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
			**[[Salmonella species]], particularly drug-resistant [[Salmonella newport]]
			**Possibly [[Candida albicans]] overgrowth
	*Direct effects on intestinal tract		*Direct effects on intestinal tract
	**[[Erythromycin]] and [[clavulanate]] cause increased motility		**[[Erythromycin]] and [[clavulanate]] cause increased motility
	**[[Penicillins]] may rarely cause a [[segmental colitis]]		**[[Penicillins]] may rarely cause an acute, hemorrhagic [[segmental colitis]], usually within 4 days of therapy
	*Effects on the fecal microbiota		*Effects on the fecal microbiota
	**Decreased ~~carbohydrate~~ metabolism, leading to osmotic diarrhea		**Decreased metabolism of carbohydrates, leading to osmotic diarrhea
	**~~Breakdown~~ of primary bile acids, leading to secretory diarrhea		**Decreased metabolism of primary bile acids, leading to secretory diarrhea
	*Concomitant use of laxatives, antacids, contrast, lactose- or sorbitol-containing products, NSAIDs, antiarrhythmic drugs, and cholinergic drugs		*Concomitant use of laxatives, antacids, contrast, lactose- or sorbitol-containing products, NSAIDs, antiarrhythmic drugs, and cholinergic drugs

			== Management ==

			* Treat the underlying cause

			== Prevention ==

			* Research has mostly focussed on the use of probiotics to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea
			* A systematic review has shown that probiotics decrease antibiotic-associated diarrhea from 18% to 8%[[CiteRef::blaabjerg2017pr]]
			** No harms found, except rare bacteremia in severely immunocompromised patients or those with active Crohn disease
			** [[Lactobacillus rhamnosus]] and [[Saccharomyces boulardii]] appear to be more effective than [[Lactobacillus acidophilus]] plus [[Bifidobacterium animalis lactis]]

			== Further Reading ==

			* Mechanisms and Management of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. ''Clin Infect Dis''. 1998;27(4):702-710. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1086/514958 10.1086/514958]

	[[Category:Adverse drug reactions]]		[[Category:Adverse drug reactions]]

Aidan at 18:13, 17 September 2020

2020-09-17T18:13:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 17 September 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	== Differential Diagnosis ==		==Differential Diagnosis==

	* [[Clostridioides difficile]]		*[[Clostridioides difficile]]
	* Other microbes: [[Clostridium perfringens]] type A (food poisoning), [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Salmonella enterica]], and possible [[Candida albicans]]		*Other microbes: [[Clostridium perfringens]] type A (food poisoning), [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Salmonella enterica]], and possible [[Candida albicans]]
	* Direct effects on intestinal tract		*Direct effects on intestinal tract
	** Erythromycin and clavulanate cause increased motility		**[[Erythromycin]] and [[clavulanate]] cause increased motility
	** Penicillins may rarely cause a segmental colitis		**[[Penicillins]] may rarely cause a [[segmental colitis]]
	* Effects on the fecal microbiota		*Effects on the fecal microbiota
	** Decreased carbohydrate metabolism, leading to osmotic diarrhea		**Decreased carbohydrate metabolism, leading to osmotic diarrhea
	** Breakdown of primary bile acids, leading to secretory diarrhea		**Breakdown of primary bile acids, leading to secretory diarrhea
	* Concomitant use of laxatives, antacids, contrast, lactose- or sorbitol-containing products, NSAIDs, antiarrhythmic drugs, and cholinergic drugs		*Concomitant use of laxatives, antacids, contrast, lactose- or sorbitol-containing products, NSAIDs, antiarrhythmic drugs, and cholinergic drugs

	[[Category:Adverse drug reactions]]		[[Category:Adverse drug reactions]]

Aidan: Created page with "== Differential Diagnosis == * Clostridioides difficile * Other microbes: Clostridium perfringens type A (food poisoning), Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella ent..."

2020-09-17T18:13:12Z

Created page with "== Differential Diagnosis == * Clostridioides difficile * Other microbes: Clostridium perfringens type A (food poisoning), Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella ent..."

New page

== Differential Diagnosis ==

* [[Clostridioides difficile]]
* Other microbes: [[Clostridium perfringens]] type A (food poisoning), [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Salmonella enterica]], and possible [[Candida albicans]]
* Direct effects on intestinal tract
** Erythromycin and clavulanate cause increased motility
** Penicillins may rarely cause a segmental colitis
* Effects on the fecal microbiota
** Decreased carbohydrate metabolism, leading to osmotic diarrhea
** Breakdown of primary bile acids, leading to secretory diarrhea
* Concomitant use of laxatives, antacids, contrast, lactose- or sorbitol-containing products, NSAIDs, antiarrhythmic drugs, and cholinergic drugs

[[Category:Adverse drug reactions]]
[[Category:Adverse effects of antibiotics]]
[[Category:Gastrointestinal infections]]