View source for Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

== Background ==
* One of the [[human herpesviruses]] (family [[Family::Herpesviridae]], subfamily [[Subfamily::Gammaherpesvirinae|''Gammaherpesvirinae'']])
* Seroprevalence varies by geography and group
** US general population 1-5%
** US men who have sex with men 15-20%
** US MSM with HIV 30-35%
** Some Mediterranean countries 10-20%
** Sub-Saharan African countries 30-80%
* Possibly transmitted through saliva or sex

== Clinical Manifestations ==
* Mostly asymptomatic
* Primary infection consists of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and bone marrow failure, and may rapidly progress to [[Kaposi sarcoma]]
* [[Kaposi sarcoma]] (KS)
** Hyperpigmented macules or nodules
** Mostly skin but can include mouth, respiratory tract, and GI tract as well
* Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL)
** Causes effusions isolated to the pleural, pericardial, or abdominal cavities
** Occasionally causes mass lesions and extracavitary disease within skin, hematopoietic organs, and the GI tract
* [[Multicentric Castleman disease]] (MCD)
** Causes systemic symptoms including fever and night sweats, generalized adenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly
* Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS)
** Like MCD but without pathology demonstrating MCD
** Patients are often critically ill

== Management ==
* For [[Kaposi sarcoma]] with symptomatic visceral involvement, chemotherapy is recommended
** May be indicated for disseminated cutaneous KS as well

== Further Reading ==

* Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. NIH, CDC, HIVMA, and IDSA. Available at https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection

[[Category:Human herpesviruses]]