View source for Campylobacter

*Gram-negative bacillus that is a common cause of foodborne illness, especially associated with undercooked poultry

==Background==
===Microbiology===

*Genus of oxidase [[Oxidase::positive]], catalase [[Catalase::positive]], curved, [[Stain::Gram-negative]] [[Shape::bacillus|bacilli]]
*Includes [[Campylobacter jejuni]] and [[Campylobacter coli]]

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |Growth Temp (ºC)
! rowspan="2" |Nitrate
! colspan="2" |H<sub>2</sub>S
! rowspan="2" |Hippurate Hydrolysis
! colspan="2" |Susceptibility
! rowspan="2" |C-19 FA Reduction
! rowspan="2" |Species
|-
!25
!37
!42
!TSI
!Lead Acetate Paper
!Cephalothin
!Nalidixic Acid
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|–
| +
| +
|R
|S
| +
|[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|v
| +
|–
|R
|S
| +
|[[Campylobacter coli]]
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|–
| +
|–
|R
|R
| +
|[[Campylobacter lari]]
|-
| +
| +
|v
| +
|–
|v
|–
|S
|R
|–
|[[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. fetus
|-
|v
| +
|v
| +
| +
| +
|–
|S
|R
| +
|[[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]]
|-
|–
| +
|–
| +
|–
| +
|–
|S
|S
|–
|[[Campylobacter cinaedi]]
|-
|–
| +
| +
| +
|–
| +
|–
|S
|S
|–
|[[Campylobacter upsaliensis]]
|-
|–
| +
|–
|–
|–
| +
|–
|S
|S
|–
|[[Helicobacter fennelliae]]
|}

==Clinical Manifestations==

*Enteric disease, with [[Acute gastroenteritis|acute blood gastroenteritis]], is most common with [[Campylobacter jejeni]]
**ALso seen with [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Campylobacter fetus]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter upsaliensis]], [[Arcobacter butzleri]], [[Arcobacter skirrowi]], and [[Arcobacter cryaerophilus]]
*Extraintestinal disease, with [[bacteremia]] and [[endovascular infection]], is most common with [[Campylobacter fetus]] subspecies ''fetus''
**Also seen with [[Campylobacter jejuni]], [[Campylobacter coli]], [[Campylobacter lari]], [[Helicobacter fennelliae]], [[Helicobacter cinaedi]], [[Campylobacter sputorum]], [[Campylobacter hyointestinalis]], and [[Helicobacter rappini]]

{| class="wikitable"
!
![[Campylobacter jejuni]]
![[Campylobacter fetus]] subsp. ''fetus''
|-
|Reservoir
|birds, food animal
|cattle and sheep
|-
|Epidemiology
|healthy hosts of all ages, often cluster
|debilitated hosts, rarely clusters
|-
|Culture From
|feces
|bloodstream
|-
|Clinical Manifestations
|[[acute gastroenteritis]], [[colitis]]
|[[bacteremia]], [[meningitis]], [[endovascular infection]], [[abscess]], [[gastroenteritis]]
|-
|Diarrhea
|common
|uncommon
|-
|Prognosis
|self-limited
|can be fatal
|}

===Complications===

*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] (GBS)
*[[MALT lymphoma]]

==Management==

=== Enteric Disease ===

*Supportive care
*Illness lasts on average 1.3 days
*No antibiotics needed if stable; treatment suggested if high fever, bloody diarrhea, more than 8 stools per daily, prolonged illness ≥7 days
*If requiring antibiotics, use [[Is treated by::ciprofloxacin]] or [[Is treated by::azithomycin]] for 5 days, or [[Is treated by::clarithromycin]] for 7 days

=== Extraintestinal Disease ===

* Bacteremia with [[Campylobacter fetus]] should be treated with antibiotics, usually for at least 2 weeks
** Options include [[ampicillin]], [[imipenem]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[gentamicin]], [[fluoroquinolones]] if not resistant
* Endovascular infections often treated for 4 or more weeks
* Meningitis treated for 2 to 3 weeks
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Campylobacter''}}
[[Category:Gram-negative bacilli]]