View source for Chromobacterium violaceum

= ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' =

== Microbiology ==

* Gram-negative bacterium
* Colonies are deep purple to black due to the presence of the violacein pigment
* Found in water

== Epidemiology ==

* Mostly tropical or subtropical areas, especially southeast Asia
* Also in southeast US, most commonly Florida
* CGD is a risk factor for opportunistic infection, as is G6PD deficiency

== Clinical Presentation ==

* Causes wound infections following contaminated water exposure
* Always with systemic features, including fever (100%) and sepsis (82%)
* Often bacteremic (60%) and can involve visceral organs (51%), especially lung and liver
* High mortality (53%)

== Differential Diagnosis for SSTI After Water Exposure ==

* Common bugs: ''Staph'', ''Strep'', polymicrobial, ''Klebsiella'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''E. coli''
* Uniquely marine bacteria: ''Aeromonas'', ''Vibrio'', ''Shewanella'', ''Edwardsiella'', ''Chromobacterium''
* Others: ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'', NTMs, some fungal infections

== Management ==

* FQs, chloramphenicol, tetracyline, TMP-SMX, imipenem, gentamicin

== Further Reading ==

* [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2011.08.013 ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' infection: a clinical review of an important but neglected infection]. ''J Chin Med Assoc''. 2011;74(10):435-41.