Blood-borne infections

Disease	Clinical Manifestations	Mode of Transmission	Risk Factors	Isolation	Treatment
hepatitis B	viral hepatitis which may be acute or chronic	blood-borne	infected family member, injection drug use, piercings or tattoos, blood transfusions, from endemic country	routine; avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors	supportive care during acute infection; tenofovir or lamivudine for some cases of chronic infection
hepatitis C	initially asymptomatic, progressing eventually to liver failure	blood-borne	injection drug use, blood transfusions, from endemic country (e.g. Egypt)	routine	multiple combination antivirals
hepatitis D	viral hepatitis in patient infected with hepatitis B	blood-borne	same as for hepatitis B	routine	supportive care
HIV	acute seroconversion syndrome; eventually AIDS	sexually transmitted and blood-borne	injection drug use, blood transfusions, from endemic country, high-risk sexual exposures	routine	combination antiretroviral treatment